The Role of Renewable Energy in Bangladesh's Energy Transition and Sustainable Development
Bank

The Role of Renewable Energy in Bangladesh's Energy Transition and Sustainable Development

    Bangladesh is at a critical juncture in its energy development, facing increasing demand driven by a growing population and economy, alongside challenges of energy security and environmental sustainability. Renewable energy sources, particularly solar and wind, hold significant promise for the country's energy transition and sustainable development goals.

    Renewable Energy Potential in Bangladesh

    Solar Energy
    Bangladesh receives substantial solar radiation, averaging 1,900 kWh/m² annually, translating to 4 to 6.5 kWh/m² daily, making it well-suited for solar power generation. The country has an estimated utility-scale solar potential of up to 156 GW, with rooftop solar alone capable of generating 25 GW by utilizing just 10% of available rooftop space. Additionally, Bangladesh’s extensive water bodies—1,500 km² of ponds and 2,500 km² of shallow water—offer significant opportunities for floating solar installations, potentially adding 40 GW of capacity. Currently, solar power dominates the renewable energy mix with an installed capacity of around 416 MW, and the government aims to increase solar capacity to 40 GW by 2041, contributing to 40% of the total installed capacity.
    The Role of Renewable Energy in Bangladesh's Energy Transition and Sustainable Development


    Wind Energy
    Wind energy potential has been historically underestimated in Bangladesh, but recent studies reveal a vast capacity, particularly along the Bay of Bengal coastline, with potential wind power capacity estimated at 150 GW. Key coastal areas such as Cox’s Bazar, Kuakata, Sandwip, and St. Martin have average wind speeds suitable for power generation, ranging from 5.0 to 7.75 m/s at heights of 60 to 160 meters. The country’s first large-scale wind power plant, a 60 MW facility near Cox’s Bazar, is operational and connected to the national grid, demonstrating practical progress. The government has approved further wind projects, including a 55 MW project in Mongla, signaling commitment to expanding wind capacity.

    Challenges to Renewable Energy Adoption

    Despite the promising potential, Bangladesh faces several challenges in scaling up renewable energy:

    • Energy Policy and Transition Focus: The government’s current shift from coal to liquefied natural gas (LNG) risks slowing the renewable energy transition, as LNG infrastructure investments may lock the country into fossil fuel dependency.

    • Financial and Institutional Barriers: Local banks lack the capacity for long-term financing and due diligence necessary for renewable energy projects, hindering project development.

    • Land Scarcity Concerns: While land scarcity is often cited as a barrier, experts argue that Bangladesh has more suitable land for renewable installations than previously assumed, especially considering floating solar and rooftop solar options.

    • Technical and Experience Gaps: Bangladesh ranks 41st globally in renewable energy investment attractiveness, primarily due to limited experience in the sector, which affects project implementation and investor confidence.

    Role in Energy Security and Sustainable Development

    Renewable energy can play a pivotal role in enhancing Bangladesh’s energy security by reducing dependence on imported fossil fuels and mitigating the volatility of global fuel prices. The integration of renewables offers more stable and potentially lower-cost energy sources, which is crucial for economic growth and poverty alleviation.

    From a sustainable development perspective, expanding renewable energy aligns with Bangladesh’s commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and meet Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 13 (Climate Action). The deployment of renewables can also foster local manufacturing industries for solar panels and wind turbine components, creating jobs and promoting industrial development.

    Conclusion

    Bangladesh possesses vast untapped solar and wind energy resources that can significantly contribute to its energy transition and sustainable development. While challenges such as financing, policy focus, and technical capacity remain, strategic government initiatives and international investments are paving the way for renewable energy to become a cornerstone of Bangladesh’s energy future. Accelerating renewable energy adoption is essential for achieving energy security, economic resilience, and environmental sustainability by 2041.

    Leave a Comment